Spain
The company incorporation process in Spain for a foreign founder begins with obtaining a Foreigner’s Identification Number (NIE), which is mandatory for all non-residents engaging in economic activities. The most common business structure is the Limited Liability Company (Sociedad Limitada or S.L.). After securing the NIE, you apply for a unique company name with the Central Commercial Registry.
The next step is to open a bank account and deposit the minimum share capital of €3,000. A bank certificate confirming this deposit is required for the next stage. The company’s Deed of Incorporation must then be signed in front of a public notary, a critical legal step.
The notary then submits the notarized deed to the local Commercial Registry for final registration. Upon approval, the company receives its permanent Tax Identification Number (CIF). The final steps include registering with the Spanish Tax Agency and the Social Security office before starting operations.
- Obtain a Foreigner's Identification Number (NIE). All foreign shareholders and directors must obtain an NIE number. This is a mandatory first step and is required for all legal and tax processes.
- Reserve a company name. Apply for a unique company name with the Central Commercial Registry (Registro Mercantil Central). The name must be approved and reserved before proceeding with incorporation.
- Open a corporate bank account. Open a bank account in the company’s name and deposit the required minimum share capital. For an S.L. (Limited Liability Company), the minimum capital is €3,000.
- Draft and notarize the incorporation deed. A public notary must draft and notarize the company's Deed of Incorporation, which includes the bylaws. All founders must be present or represented by power of attorney.
- Register with the Commercial Registry. The notarized deed is then submitted to the local Commercial Registry for final registration. Upon registration, the company receives its permanent Tax Identification Number (CIF).
- Complete tax and social security registration. The company must be registered with the Spanish Tax Agency and the Social Security office, ensuring full compliance with all local tax and labor laws before commencing operations.